Property wrapper – Augmented Code

Injecting dependencies using environment values and keys in SwiftUI

Instead of initializing SwiftUI views with dependencies, SwiftUI also offers other ways for injecting dependencies. This time let’s take a look on EnvironmentKey which defines a key for inserting objects to environment and vise-versa. We need to create a EnvironmentKey, adding an object to environment and then getting the object in SwiftUI view.

Creating EnvironmentKey and extending EnvironmentValues

Example object we use is DependencyManager what in real app can contains loads of dependencies. EnvironmentKey is a protocol in SwiftUI what requires to define associated type and default value. Default value is used when we have not explicitly inserted an instance of DependencyManager to the environment, more about it a little bit later. EnvironmentValues is a struct containing a collection of environment objects. We’ll add a property to EnvironmentValues which later will be used by @Environment property wrapper and also when setting an instance of the object to the environment.

	import Foundation
	import SwiftUI

	struct DependencyManager {
	let identifier: String
	let urlSession = URLSession.shared
	}

	struct DependencyManagerKey: EnvironmentKey {
	typealias Value = DependencyManager
	static var defaultValue = DependencyManager(identifier: "Default created by environment")
	}

	extension EnvironmentValues {
	var dependencyManager: DependencyManager {
	get {
	return self[DependencyManagerKey.self]
	}
	set {
	self[DependencyManagerKey.self] = newValue
	}
	}
	}

view raw DependencyManager.swift hosted with ❤ by GitHub

Custom EnvironmentKey and EnvironmentValues extension for accessing dependencies

Inserting objects to environment

If we would like to insert a DependencyManager to the Environment, we can use func environment(_ keyPath: WritableKeyPath, _ value: V) -> some View using our DependencyManagerKey and an instance created by us. If we do not insert our own, SwiftUI will use the instance returned by defaultValue when the key is first time accessed.

	// Setting non-default instance of DependencyManager, otherwise default instance is used created in DependencyManagerKey
	let dependencyManager = DependencyManager(identifier: "Scene delegate created")
	let contentView = ContentView().environment(\.dependencyManager, dependencyManager)

view raw SceneDelegate.swift hosted with ❤ by GitHub

Setting instance of DependencyManager to SwiftUI environment

Getting objects from environment

Objects can be read from the environment using @Environment property wrapper and specifing the EnvironmentKey.

	import SwiftUI

	struct ContentView: View {
	@Environment(\.dependencyManager) var dependencyManager: DependencyManager

	var body: some View {
	Text(dependencyManager.identifier)
	}
	}

view raw ContentView.swift hosted with ❤ by GitHub

Accessing the instance of DependencyManager in environment

Summary

We created an environment key and inserted an object into environment. We looked into how SwiftUI handles default values for environment objects and used @Environment property wrapper for getting the instance from the environment using the created key.

If this was helpful, please let me know on Mastodon@toomasvahter or Twitter @toomasvahter. Feel free to subscribe to RSS feed. Thank you for reading.

Property wrapper for validating email using NSDataDetector

Property wrappers allow property declaration to state what kind of property wrapper is used for implementing the property. We can use it for implementing transformations on properties like validating if string is email or not. This is what we will do: creating a property wrapper for email properties and validating emails using NSDataDetector. If value being set is email, we store it and if it is not, we set the property to nil instead.

Creating property wrapper

Property wrappers are types annotated with @propertyWrapper. The type needs to implement one property: wrappedValue. Emails are represented with strings, therefore our wrappedValue property is optional string. Optional is required, because string can contain invalid email and in that case we set the property to nil. Whenever we would like to use this property wrapper, we just need to add @EmailValidated in front of the property definition.

	@propertyWrapper
	struct EmailValidated {
	private var value: String?

	var wrappedValue: String? {
	get {
	return value
	}
	set {
	value = {
	guard let trimmedString = newValue?.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines) else { return nil }
	return validate(trimmedString)
	}()
	}
	}
	}

view raw PropertyWrapper.swift hosted with ❤ by GitHub

Validating email using NSDataDetector

Validating emails using regular expressions is not easy. Fortunately Apple provides API exactly for this: NSDataDetector. We can create an instance of NSDataDetector with specifying link as detected types. When matching emails, we use anchored option as we expect the string to only include email, nothing else. Anchored will tell the data detector to match starting with the first character. As firstMatch(in:options:range:) uses NSRange, we need to convert Swift’s range to NSRange because those ranges do not have one-to-one match. For this, we can use special NSRange initialiser taking Swift string and its range.

NSDataDetector represents links with URL, therefore we will see if match contains an URL and if URL’s scheme is mailto. If it is, we can extract the matched email and return it.

	private func validate(_ emailString: String) -> String? {
	let dataDetector = try! NSDataDetector(types: NSTextCheckingResult.CheckingType.link.rawValue)

	// Finding matches in string
	let range = NSRange(emailString.startIndex..<emailString.endIndex, in: emailString)
	guard let match = dataDetector.firstMatch(in: emailString, options: .anchored, range: range) else { return nil }
	guard let url = match.url else { return nil }

	// Extracting email from the matched url
	let absoluteString = url.absoluteString
	guard let index = absoluteString.range(of: "mailto:") else { return nil }
	return String(url.absoluteString.suffix(from: index.upperBound))
	}

view raw Validate.swift hosted with ❤ by GitHub

Using EmailValidated property wrapper

For using the created property wrapper, all we need to do is to annotate property with @EmailValidated.

	struct Contact {
	var fullName: String
	@EmailValidated var email: String?
	}

	var contact = Contact(fullName: "Toomas")

	contact.email = "invalidemail"
	print(contact.email as Any) // nil

	contact.email = " test toomas@email.zz"
	print(contact.email as Any) // nil

	contact.email = "toomas@email.zz"
	print(contact.email as Any) // Optional("toomas@email.zz")

view raw PropertyWrapper.swift hosted with ❤ by GitHub

Summary

We created a simple property wrapper for validating emails. We saw that creating a property wrapper for validating email with NSDataDetector requires only a little bit of code.

If this was helpful, please let me know on Mastodon@toomasvahter or Twitter @toomasvahter. Feel free to subscribe to RSS feed. Thank you for reading.

Example

EmailPropertyWrapper playground (Xcode 11b5)

Creating EnvironmentKey and extending EnvironmentValues

Inserting objects to environment

Getting objects from environment

Summary

Creating property wrapper

Validating email using NSDataDetector

Using EmailValidated property wrapper

Summary

Example

Resources